Indirect estimation of the need for palliative care during the COVID-19 pandemic: A descriptive cross-sectional study using mortality data in the Biobío Region, Chile.

BACKGROUND: People with chronic diseases in their advanced phase require palliative care. This is essential to ensure their quality of life as it ends. However, a very low percentage of patients receive the necessary palliative care. The COVID-19 pandemic has adversely affected the planning and provision of palliative care. Despite this, in Chile, palliative care coverage was extended by law to cover nononcological chronic diseases. Implementation of this law is expected to be a significant challenge in terms of material resources, as well as the need for the formation of specialized palliative care teams. Therefore, it is essential to estimate the need for palliative care for all chronic diseases to generate useful input for planning and decision-making in public health. OBJECTIVES: To indirectly estimate the need for palliative care among people with Chronic Oncological Diseases (COD) and Chronic Non-Oncological Diseases (CNOD) during the prepandemic and pandemic context due to COVID-19 in the Biobío Region in Chile. METHODS: Cross-sectional study based on mortality data from chronic oncological and nononcological diseases during the prepandemic (2010-2018) and pandemic (2020-2021) contexts due to COVID-19 in a Region of Chile through indirect estimation using minimal estimate, standardized mortality rates and geographically weighted regression. RESULTS: It was estimated that 76.25% of deaths from chronic diseases in the Biobío Region would have required palliative care, which represents 77,618 people who should have been included in these health benefits. The pandemic had a significant effect on the average number of deaths from CNOD. People belonging to this group were more likely to die from COVID-19 than from their baseline disease, unlike the deaths of people from COD, where no significant changes were observed. CONCLUSION: These estimates highlight the potential size of the population requiring palliative care and emphasize the importance of recognizing the rights of individuals with COD and CNOD conditions. It is evident that there is a significant demand for palliative care services, as well as a pressing need for adequate resources, effective management, and strategic planning to cater to the needs of this population. This is particularly crucial in the heavily impacted areas and communes of the Biobío Region, Chile.

Salud digital en el control de pacientes crónicos durante la pandemia: la mirada del equipo de salud

Objetivo: Conocer las percepciones del equipo de salud de atención primaria acerca del empleo de la salud digital en el control de pacientes crónicos durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Material y Método: Revisión integrativa que siguió la metodología de Crossetti, la búsqueda bibliográfica, el año 2022, fue en la Biblioteca Virtual de Salud, considerando los términos "telehealth", "perception", "healthcare provider", "primary health care"y "chronic disease" entrelazados con los booleanos AND y OR, en el período 2017 a 2022. Resultados: 10 estudios publicados entre el 2020 y 2022 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Se identificaron dos categorías relacionadas con beneficios y barreras. El equipo de salud se vio forzado a utilizar esta modalidad de atención que fue beneficiosa: brindó una gran comodidad, facilitó la toma de decisiones, permitió una comunicación constante y brindó apoyo terapéutico. También se percibieron barreras, destacándose el acceso a la tecnología y la limitación del contacto físico. Conclusiones: se perciben múltiples beneficios y oportunidades de cuidado, no solo para pacientes con enfermedades crónicas, sino también para condiciones diversas de cuidado. Las políticas y estrategias públicas de salud deben considerar la capacitación permanente del recurso humano e implementación tecnológica necesaria para incluir esta modalidad de atención en los cuidados de salud de la población. Asimismo, la academia debe contemplar el desarrollo de competencias tecnológicas en los futuros profesionales de la salud.

Objective: To know the perceptions of the primary care health team about the use of digital health in the control of chronic patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and Method: Integrative review based on Crossetti's methodology, the bibliographic search was carried out in 2022 in the Virtual Health Library, considering the terms "telehealth", "perception", "health care provider", "primary health care" and "chronic disease", using the Booleans AND and OR, in the period 2017 to 2022. Results: 10 studies published between 2020 and 2022 met the inclusion criteria. Two categories related to benefits and barriers were identified. The health care team used digital health and this modality proved to be beneficial because it provided great comfort, facilitated decision-making, allowed constant communication and provided therapeutic support. Barriers were also perceived, highlighting access to technology and limited physical contact. Conclusions: Multiple benefits and care opportunities are perceived, not only for patients with chronic diseases, but also for different care situations. Public health policies and strategies should consider the permanent training of human resources and technological implementation to include this modality of care in the health care of the population. Academic institutions should also consider the development of technological skills among future health professionals.

Objetivo: Conhecer as percepções da equipe de saúde da atenção básica sobre o uso da saúde digital no controle de pacientes crónicos durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Material e Método: Revisão integrativa baseada na metodologia de Crossetti; a busca bibliográfica foi realizada em 2022 na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, considerando os termos "telehealth", "perception", "healthcare provider", "primary health care" e "chronic disease" e usando os booleanos AND e OR, no período de 2017 a 2022. Resultados: 10 estudos publicados entre 2020 e 2022 atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Duas categorias relacionadas a benefícios e barreiras foram identificadas. A equipe de saúde utilizou a saúde digital e a modalidade provou ser benéfica porque proporcionou grande conforto, facilitou a tomada de decisões, permitiu a comunicação constante e forneceu apoio terapêutico. Também foram percebidas barreiras, destacando-se o acesso à tecnologia e a limitação do contato físico. Conclusões: Percebem-se múltiplos benefícios e oportunidades de cuidado, não apenas para pacientes com doenças crónicas, mas também para diversas condições de cuidado. As políticas e estratégias de saúde pública devem considerar a formação permanente de recursos humanos e a implementação tecnológica necessária para incluir essa modalidade de atenção na atenção à saúde da população. Da mesma forma, as instituições acadêmicas devem considerar o desenvolvimento de competências tecnológicas nos futuros profissionais de saúde.

"Del otro lado de la cama". experiencia de un enfermero hospitalizado por Covid-19 / "On the other side of the bed": experience of a nurse hospitalized by Covid-19

Actualmente en Chile y en el mundo se vive una situación de alarma sanitaria a causa del coronavirus, que sin duda ha trastocado el normal funcionamiento de los ambientes sanitarios y ha aumentado la ansiedad de los pacientes, quienes por razones epidemiológicas son aislados, separados de su familia y viven la enfermedad en absoluta soledad. Con el relato biográfico que se presenta a continuación se pretende describir las vivencias de un paciente-enfermero internado en una unidad de cuidados críticos por Covid-19, quien a través de los ojos de la enfermería nos cuenta en primera persona cómo vivió su hospitalización. Para ello se ha utilizado el método biográfico, obteniéndose el relato a partir de una entrevista en profundidad. Conocer este relato nos permite recordar que el foco del cuidado es dignificar a nuestros usuarios y nunca perder de vista al ser humano. (AU)

Chile and the world are facing the coronavirus health crisis which has disrupted the sanitary environments and increased anxiety among patients on epidemiologic isolation, struggling with the disease alone away from their families. This biographic retelling presents a Covid-19 infected nurse examine his critical care unit hospitalization from a nursing perspective as a first-person narrative. Biographical method is prefered to communicate the experiences extracted from a in-depth interview. This article serves as a reminder that care's focus lays on our patient's dignity and to never dismiss this humane quality. (AU)

Experiencia de personas con cáncer que realizan terapia complementaria: revisión integrativa / Experience of people with cancer who perform complementary therapy: integrative review / Experiência de pessoas com câncer que realizam terapia complementar: revisão integrativa

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar evidencia científica relacionada con la experiencia de pacientes oncológicos que practican terapias complementarias. Material y Método: Revisión integrativa que siguió los 5 pasos metodológicos de Crossetti, cuya búsqueda bibliográfica, considerando los términos "Terapias Complementarias", "Neoplasia", "Enfermería", "Experiencia e Investigación Cualitativa", en portugués e inglés y utilizando los operadores booleanos "AND" y "OR", se realizó en las bases de datos BVS, SCIELO, SCOPUS y WOS, publicada entre los años 2000 y 2019. Resultados: 16 artículos primarios de tipo cualitativo cumplieron criterios de inclusión. Se identificaron 6 categorías: creencias sobre las terapias complementarias, terapia complementaria v/s terapia convencional, cuidado holístico del ser, tiempo para el amor personal, dar sentido a la experiencia del cáncer y aumento del control personal. Conclusiones: Las personas con cáncer que utilizan terapias complementarias experimentan vivencias positivas, de buena calidad de vida, con beneficios sobre los síntomas propios del cáncer o de la quimioterapia y mejoras en la salud mental, espiritual y social. Los estudios cualitativos sobre las terapias complementarias se centran en las razones que llevan a los pacientes a utilizarlas, sus creencias y la satisfacción de necesidades como un todo. Es necesario indagar dichas experiencias en terapias específicas y reconocer cuál es más beneficiosa para una persona con cáncer. Más evidencia podría justificar su incorporación a los cuidados formales de la práctica de Enfermería.

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the scientific evidence related to the experience of cancer patients undergoing complementary therapies. Materials and Methods: Integrative review that followed Crossetti's 5 methodological steps. The search strategy considered the terms "Complementary Therapies", "Neoplasia", "Nursing", "Experience and Qualitative Research", using the Boolean operators "AND" and "OR" in Spanish, Portuguese and English. It was carried out in the BVS, SCIELO, SCOPUS, WOS data bases, in the period between 2000 and 2019. Results: 16 qualitative primary articles met the inclusion criteria. Six categories were identified: beliefs about complementary therapies, complementary therapy vs. conventional therapy, holistic wellbeing, time for personal love, making sense of the cancer experience and increasing personal control. Conclusions: People with cancer who use complementary therapies report positive experiences and good quality of life, with benefits over cancer or chemotherapy symptoms, and improvements in mental, spiritual and social health. Qualitative studies on complementary therapies focus on the reasons leading patients to use them, their beliefs and overall satisfaction as a whole. It is necessary to investigate these experiences focusing on specific therapies, and to recognize which is more beneficial to a person with cancer. More evidence could support its inclusion into nursing care practice.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar a evidência científica relacionada à experiência de pacientes oncológicos que utilizam terapias complementares. Material e Método: Revisão integrativa que segue as 5 etapas metodológicas de Crosseti, cuja estratégia de busca considera os termos "Terapias Complementares", "Neoplasia", "Enfermagem", "Experiência e pesquisa qualitativa", com os operadores booleanos "AND" e "OR" em espanhol, português e inglês. A busca foi realizada nas bases de dados BVS, SCIELO, SCOPUS e WOS, no período compreendido entre os anos 2000 e 2019. Resultados: 16 artigos primários do tipo qualitativo cumpriram critérios de inclusão. Foram identificadas 6 categorias: crenças sobre as terapias complementares, terapia complementar versus terapia convencional, cuidado holístico do ser, tempo para o amor pessoal, dar sentido à experiencia do câncer e aumento do controle pessoal. Conclusões: As pessoas com câncer que utilizam terapias complementares têm experiências positivas, boa qualidade de vida, com benefícios sobre os sintomas do câncer ou da quimioterapia e melhorias na saúde mental, espiritual e social. Os estudos qualitativos sobre as terapias complementares estão enfocados nas razões que levam aos pacientes a utilizá-las, suas crenças e a satisfação de necessidades como um todo. É necessário investigar essas experiências em terapias específicas e reconhecer qual entrega mais benefícios a uma pessoa com câncer. Mais evidências poderiam justificar a incorporação aos cuidados formais da prática de Enfermagem.

Validación de escala de Valoración de Agencia de Autocuidado (ASA) en adolescentes chilenos / Validação da Escala de Avaliação de Agências de Autocuidado (ASA) em adolescentes chilenos / Validation of the Appraisal of Self-care Agency Scale (ASA) in Chilean adolescents

Resumen Objetivo Realizar validación y análisis de confiabilidad de la Escala de Valoración de Agencia de Autocuidado en adolescentes chilenos. Método Fue realizado en una muestra 199 adolescentes. La validación de contenido se hizo por revisión de expertos. Se exploró la confiabilidad y la validez de constructo por medio de análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) y confirmatorio (AFC). Resultados Algunos términos de la escala se adaptaron culturalmente. La confiabilidad alfa de Cronbach de la escala de 24 ítems fue de 0,88. Los ítems 6, 11, 20 presentaron baja confiabilidad y correlación con la escala (<0,4). El AFE, sugirió solución factorial de cinco factores y un factor por gráfico de sedimentación. Las ecuaciones estructurales de los posibles modelos resultaron con valores de índices de ajuste, cercano a lo satisfactorio. Conclusiones e Implicaciones para la práctica Considerando la combinación de criterios: objetivos; basados en la teoría y en los análisis factoriales, la solución óptima es la de un factor con 21 ítems. La escala presenta ítems adaptados culturalmente. Se propone incorporar ítems más específicos de autocuidado en adolescentes. Investigaciones que evalúen intervenciones tendientes a mejorar la capacidad de autocuidado en adolescentes podrían utilizar la nueva versión de la escala ASA con mejores propiedades psicométricas.

Resumo Objetivo Realizar validação e análise de confiabilidade da Escala de Classificação da Agência de Autocuidado em adolescentes chilenos. Método Aplicado a 199 adolescentes. Validação de conteúdofoifeita por revisão de especialistas. Confiabilidade e validade de construtoforam exploradas por meio de análisefatorialexploratória (AFE) e análisefatorialconfirmatória (AFC). Resultados Alguns termos da escala foram culturalmente adaptados. A confiabilidade alfa de Cronbach da escala de 24 itensfoi de 0,88. Os itens 6, 11, 20 apresentarambaixaconfiabilidade e correlaçãocom a escala (<0,4). O AFE sugeriuumasoluçãofatorial de cinco fatores e um fator por gráfico de sedimentação. As equaçõesestruturais dos modelos possíveisresultaramcom valores de índices de ajuste, próximos dosatisfatório. Conclusões e Implicações paraa Prática Considerando a combinação de critérios objetivos, aquelesbaseadosnateoria e nainterpretabilidade das soluçõesfatoriais, a soluçãoótima é a de um fator com 21 itens. A escala apresentaitens culturalmente adaptados, propõe-se incorporar comportamentos de autocuidado mais específicos típicos de adolescentes. Novas pesquisas avaliando intervençõesvoltadas para melhorar a capacidade de autocuidado em adolescentes poderiam utilizar a nova versão da escala ASA commelhores propriedades psicométricas.

Abstract Objective To perform validation and reliability analysis of the Self-Care Agency Assessment Scale in Chilean adolescents. Method It was performed in 199 adolescents. Validation of content was done by expert review. The reliability and construct validity were explored by means of exploratory factorial analysis (AFE) and confirmatory factorial analysis (AFC). Results Some terms of the scale were culturally adapted. Cronbach's alpha reliability of the 24-item scale was 0.88. The items 6, 11and 20 presented low reliability and correlation with the scale (<0.4). The AFE suggested a factorial solution of five factors and one factor per graph of sedimentation. The structural equations of the possible models resulted in values ​​of adjustment indices, close to satisfactory. Conclusions and Implications for Practice By considering the combination of objective criteria, those based on theory and on the interpretability of factor solutions, the optimal solution is that of a factor with 21 items. The scale presents items adapted culturally, it is proposed to incorporate a greater specificity of self-care behaviors typical of adolescents. New research evaluating interventions to improve self-care capacity in adolescents could use the new version of the ASA scale with better psychometric properties.

Compromiso paterno y la relación con sus conductas promotoras de salud / Paternal commitment and its association with health-promoting behaviors

RESUMEN Objetivo Identificar el compromiso paterno y la relación con sus conductas promotoras de salud. Método Estudio correlacional en 160 padres, pertenecientes a dos Centros de Salud Familiar, quienes respondieron las escalas de compromiso paterno y estilos de vida II, además de preguntas biosociodemográficas. Resultados El 78,1% de los padres presentan en promedio un alto compromiso paterno. Las variables que influencian positivamente el compromiso paterno, son las conductas promotoras en salud, la participación de éste en el parto y en los controles de salud de su hijo. La edad evidenció influencia negativa sobre el compromiso paterno. Correlaciones más altas de compromiso paterno, se observaron con las dimensiones de crecimiento espiritual y relaciones interpersonales, y más baja con la dimensión de actividad física. El compromiso paterno se mostró mayormente a través de actividades hacia sus hijos tales como alimentarlos, vestirlos y jugar. Conclusión Los padres participan más activamente en la crianza de sus hijos y como implícitamente son modelos de salud para éstos, se afirma la necesidad de crear y/o mantener estrategias para propiciar conductas promotoras de salud en los padres por parte de los profesionales de salud, puesto que influencian favorablemente el compromiso paterno.(AU)

ABSTRACT Objective To identify the association of paternal commitment and health-promoting behaviors. Methods Correlational and predictive study in 160 parents attended in two Family Health Centers, who responded to the scales of paternal involvement and lifestyles II, as well as biosociodemographic questions. Results On average, 78.1% of the fathers were highly committed. The variables that positively influence paternal commitment are health-promoting behaviors, and their participation in childbirth and routine checkups of their children. Age had a negative influence on paternal commitment. Higher correlations of paternal commitment were observed in the dimensions spiritual growth and interpersonal relationships, while it was lower in the physical activity dimension. Father's commitment was mostly evident in activities done together with their children such as feeding, dressing and playing. Conclusion Fathers participate more actively in the upbringing of their children. Considering that they are implicitly health role models for children, there is a clear need to create and/or maintain strategies to encourage health-promoting behaviors in fathers by health professionals, since they favorably influence paternal commitment.(AU)

[Paternal commitment and its association with health-promoting behaviors]. / Compromiso paterno y la relación con sus conductas promotoras de salud.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the association of paternal commitment and health-promoting behaviors. METHODS: Correlational and predictive study in 160 parents attended in two Family Health Centers, who responded to the scales of paternal involvement and lifestyles II, as well as biosociodemographic questions. RESULTS: On average, 78.1% of the fathers were highly committed. The variables that positively influence paternal commitment are health-promoting behaviors, and their participation in childbirth and routine checkups of their children. Age had a negative influence on paternal commitment. Higher correlations of paternal commitment were observed in the dimensions spiritual growth and interpersonal relationships, while it was lower in the physical activity dimension. Father's commitment was mostly evident in activities done together with their children such as feeding, dressing and playing. CONCLUSION: Fathers participate more actively in the upbringing of their children. Considering that they are implicitly health role models for children, there is a clear need to create and/or maintain strategies to encourage health-promoting behaviors in fathers by health professionals, since they favorably influence paternal commitment.

OBJETIVO: Identificar el compromiso paterno y la relación con sus conductas promotoras de salud. MÉTODO: Estudio correlacional en 160 padres, pertenecientes a dos Centros de Salud Familiar, quienes respondieron las escalas de compromiso paterno y estilos de vida II, además de preguntas biosociodemográficas. RESULTADOS: El 78,1% de los padres presentan en promedio un alto compromiso paterno. Las variables que influencian positivamente el compromiso paterno, son las conductas promotoras en salud, la participación de éste en el parto y en los controles de salud de su hijo. La edad evidenció influencia negativa sobre el compromiso paterno. Correlaciones más altas de compromiso paterno, se observaron con las dimensiones de crecimiento espiritual y relaciones interpersonales, y más baja con la dimensión de actividad física. El compromiso paterno se mostró mayormente a través de actividades hacia sus hijos tales como alimentarlos, vestirlos y jugar. CONCLUSIÓN: Los padres participan más activamente en la crianza de sus hijos y como implícitamente son modelos de salud para éstos, se afirma la necesidad de crear y/o mantener estrategias para propiciar conductas promotoras de salud en los padres por parte de los profesionales de salud, puesto que influencian favorablemente el compromiso paterno.

Percepción de riesgo laboral y autocuidado en enfermeros atención primaria de una comuna del Biobío / Perception of occupational risk and self-care in primary care nurses of a bio-bio commune

Existen pocos estudios sobre riesgos laborales en atención primaria. La mayor evidencia corresponde al ámbito hospitalario, sin embargo, el desempeño y ambiente laboral de los profesionales es distinto, por lo que el objetivo fue: describir la percepción de riesgo laboral y autocuidado en los Enfermeros de primaria de salud de una comuna del Bio-Bío. METODOLOGÍA: estudio descriptivo, correlacional. Se realizó un muestreo intencional, obteniendo una muestra final de 28 enfermeros/as. El instrumento midió la percepción de riesgo laboral, el autocuidado, características sociodemográficas y laborales. Fue autoadministrado, previo consentimiento informado. Los resultados muestran que poco menos de la mitad de los profesionales perciben un nivel medio de riesgo laboral, las restantes describen riesgo alto y medio en igual proporción, reconociendo al menos un riesgo en el trabajo. Se describieron riesgos adicionales como: violencia, delincuencia y drogadicción. No hay relación significativa entre percepción de riesgo laboral y autocuidado. Al contrario, la percepción de riesgo se asoció a la conducta preventiva. Se reporta alta agencia de autocuidado, sin embargo, es bajo en conductas referente al ejercicio físico, cuidado y tiempo para sí misma. La conclusión orienta a variables que podrían ser incluidas en el instrumento de evaluación, y que pueden ser de utilidad para el diagnóstico de percepción de riesgo, y detección de necesidades de formación y perfeccionamiento de los profesionales en autocuidado laboral y personal.

There are few studies on occupational hazards in primary care. The greatest evidence corresponds to the hospital environment, though the performance and working environment of the professionals is different. Thus, the objective of the study was: to describe the perception of occupational hazard and self-care of nurses in primary health care of a commune of the Biobío Region. METHODOLOGY: Correlational and descriptive study. An intentional sampling was conducted, obtaining a final sample of 28 nurses. The instrument measured the perception of occupational hazard, self-care, sociodemographic and work characteristics. It was self-administered prior informed consent. Results indicate that half of the professionals perceive a medium level of work risk, whereas the others describe a medium and high risk in equal proportion, recognizing at least a risk at work. Additional risks were described, such as violence, crime and drug addiction. There is no significant relation between occupational risk perception and self-care. On the contrary, the perception of risk was associated to a preventive behavior. There is no significant relation between occupational hazard perception and self-care. On the contrary, the perception of risk was associated to a preventive behavior. A high self-care agency is reported, though this is low in behaviors related to physical workout, care and time for him/her. The conclusion guides variables that could be included in an evaluation instrument. These might be useful for the diagnosis of risk perception and detection of training and improvement needs of the professionals in occupational and personal self-care.

Actitudes en profesionales de enfermería chilenos hacia el cuidado al final de la vida. Análisis multivariado / Attitudes Held by Chilean Nursing Professionals on Care of the Dying. A Multivariate Analysis / Atitudes em profissionais de enfermagem chilenos para o cuidado no final da vida. Análise multivariada

RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar las actitudes hacia el cuidado al final de la vida de enfermeras/os de la región Bío Bío, de Chile, y determinar las variables que ejercen mayor influencia sobre estas. Materiales y método: estudio descriptivo-correlacional y predictivo en 308 enfermeras/os que trabajaban en cuidados paliativos en centros de salud públicos. Se utilizaron las escalas de Actitudes hacia el cuidado al final de la vida de Frommelt, Inteligencia emocional, Actitudes hacia la muerte, Trabajo emocional y variables bio-sociodemográficas de experiencia y formación profesional. Resultados: la actitud hacia el cuidado al final de la vida mostró una tendencia favorable, presentando una asociación directa y estadísticamente significativa con: edad, experiencia laboral, mayor vínculo en tiempo y número pacientes terminales atendidos, y con la comprensión y regulación emocional. También se presentó una mayor actitud en el sexo femenino. La preferencia por trabajar en cuidados paliativos y ser formador en el área influyeron favorablemente en la actitud; al contrario, el miedo a la muerte y el trabajo emocional fingido influyeron negativamente la actitud. Conclusiones: se requiere formación profesional que aporte al modelo empírico, oriente la educación de actitudes hacia la muerte y que ayude al afrontamiento emocional y actitudinal hacia el cuidado al final de la vida.

ABSTRACT Objective: Evaluate attitudes towards end-of-life care among nurses from the Bío Bío region of Chile and determine the variables that exert the most influence in that respect. Materials and methods: This is a descriptive-correlational and predictive study of 308 nurses who work in palliative care at public health centers. The Frommelt Attitudes Toward Care of the Dying Scale was used, as were scales on emotional intelligence, attitudes toward death, emotional work and bio-demographic variables of experience and professional training. Results: The trend in attitude toward end-of-life care was shown to be favorable, and a direct and statistically significant association was found with age, work experience, more attachment over time, the number of terminal patients served, and with understanding and emotional regulation. The attitude was more prevalent among the females in the study and was influenced favorably by the preference for working in palliative care and by being a trainer in the area. On the contrary, it was negatively influenced by fear of death and feigned emotional work. Conclusions: There is a need for professional training that contributes to the empirical model, orients education on attitudes toward death, and helps with emotional coping and attitudes toward end-of-life care.

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar as atitudes para o cuidado no final da vida de enfermeiras/os, da região Bío Bío, do Chile, e determinar as variáveis que exercem maior influência sobre estas. Materiais e método: estudo descritivo correlacional e preditivo com 308 enfermeiras/os que trabalhavam em cuidados paliativos em centros de saúde públicos. Utilizaram-se as escalas de atitudes para o cuidado no final da vida de frommelt, inteligência emocional, atitudes para a morte, trabalho emocional e variáveis biossociodemográficas de experiência e formação profissional. Resultados: a atitude para o cuidado no final da vida mostrou uma tendência favorável, que apresentava uma associação direta e estatisticamente significativa com: idade, experiência de trabalho, maior vínculo em tempo e número de pacientes terminais atendidos, e com a compreensão e regulação emocional. Também se apresentou uma maior atitude no sexo feminino. A preferência por trabalhar em cuidados paliativos e ser formador na área influenciou favoravelmente a atitude; ao contrário, o medo da morte e o trabalho emocional fingido influíram negativamente na atitude. Conclusões: requer-se formação profissional que contribua com o modelo empírico, oriente a educação de atitudes para a morte e que ajude o enfretamento emocional e atitudinal para o cuidado no final da vida.

A validation of the construct and reliability of an emotional intelligence scale applied to nursing students.

OBJECTIVE: The current study aimed to validate the construct and reliability of an emotional intelligence scale. METHOD: The Trait Meta-Mood Scale-24 was applied to 349 nursing students. The process included content validation, which involved expert reviews, pilot testing, measurements of reliability using Cronbach's alpha, and factor analysis to corroborate the validity of the theoretical model's construct. RESULTS: Adequate Cronbach coefficients were obtained for all three dimensions, and factor analysis confirmed the scale's dimensions (perception, comprehension, and regulation). CONCLUSION: The Trait Meta-Mood Scale is a reliable and valid tool to measure the emotional intelligence of nursing students. Its use allows for accurate determinations of individuals' abilities to interpret and manage emotions. At the same time, this new construct is of potential importance for measurements in nursing leadership; educational, organizational, and personal improvements; and the establishment of effective relationships with patients.

A validation of the construct and reliability of an emotional intelligence scale applied to nursing students / Validação do construto e da confiabilidade de uma escala de inteligência emocional aplicada a estudantes de enfermagem / Validación de constructo y confiabilidad de la escala de inteligencia emocional en estudiantes de enfermería

OBJECTIVE: The current study aimed to validate the construct and reliability of an emotional intelligence scale. METHOD: The Trait Meta-Mood Scale-24 was applied to 349 nursing students. The process included content validation, which involved expert reviews, pilot testing, measurements of reliability using Cronbach's alpha, and factor analysis to corroborate the validity of the theoretical model's construct. RESULTS: Adequate Cronbach coefficients were obtained for all three dimensions, and factor analysis confirmed the scale's dimensions (perception, comprehension, and regulation). CONCLUSION: The Trait Meta-Mood Scale is a reliable and valid tool to measure the emotional intelligence of nursing students. Its use allows for accurate determinations of individuals' abilities to interpret and manage emotions. At the same time, this new construct is of potential importance for measurements in nursing leadership; educational, organizational, and personal improvements; and the establishment of effective relationships with patients. .

OBJETIVO: este estudo tem como objetivo validar o construto e a confiabilidade de uma escala de inteligência emocional. MÉTODO: a escala Trait Meta-Mood Scale-24 foi aplicada em 349 estudantes de enfermagem. O processo envolveu a validação do conteúdo, que compreendeu avaliações de especialistas, testes piloto, medição da confiabilidade utilizando o coeficiente alfa de Cronbach e análise fatorial para corroborar a validade do construto do modelo teórico. RESULTADOS: coeficientes de Cronbach adequados foram obtidos nas três dimensões e a análise fatorial confirmou as dimensões da escala (percepção, compreensão e regulação). CONCLUSÃO: a Trait Meta-Mood Scale-24 é um instrumento confiável e válido para medir a inteligência emocional de estudantes de enfermagem. Seu uso permite determinar precisamente a capacidade dos indivíduos de interpretar e gerenciar emoções. Ao mesmo tempo, esse novo construto é de potencial importância para medidas em liderança em enfermagem; para o aperfeiçoamento educacional, organizacional e pessoal e para o estabelecimento de relacionamentos eficazes com os pacientes. .

OBJETIVO: efectuar la validación de constructo y confiabilidad de una escala de inteligencia emocional. MÉTODO: se aplicó la Trait-Meta Mood Scale-24 a 349 estudiantes de enfermería. El proceso comprendió la validación de contenido que consistió en lo siguiente: revisión por expertos; prueba piloto; medición de la confiabilidad por medio del Alfa de Cronbach; y comprobación de la validez de constructo del modelo teórico a través del Análisis Factorial. RESULTADOS: se obtuvieron adecuados coeficientes de Cronbach en las tres dimensiones, y el análisis factorial confirmó las dimensiones de la escala (percepción, comprensión y regulación). CONCLUSIÓN: la Trait-Meta Mood Scale es un instrumento confiable y válido para medir la inteligencia emocional en estudiantes de enfermería. Su uso permite identificar habilidades para interpretar y manejar las emociones. Es a la vez un nuevo constructo de potencial importancia para el liderazgo de enfermería; éste ayudará a mejorar aspectos educacionales, organizacionales y personales; además, favorecerá una relación efectiva con los pacientes. .

Análisis de la Teoría de los Síntomas Desagradables en el Cuidado de la Enfermería Paliativa Oncológica / Analysis of the unpleasant symptoms theory in the oncologic palliative nursing care

Objetivo: analizar la Teoría de Rango Medio de los Síntomas Desagradables y examinar las directrices del cuidado que plantea la teoría en el campo de la enfermería paliativa, de acuerdo con la evidencia existente. Desarrollo: corresponde a los profesionales de enfermería elegir una teoría que se ajuste al foco de cuidado específico de su área profesional. Para la enfermería constituye un desafío permanente la interpretación de la teoría de enfermería para su aplicación tanto en la práctica como en la investigación. Las teorías de enfermería propias de la disciplina, permiten observar las diferentes situaciones en la salud y guiar los cuidados, generar vínculos más directos con la investigación y la práctica, además otorga una explicación más específica y organizada a la observación del fenómeno de interés de la disciplina, facilitando guiar la práctica y la investigación. La Teoría de Rango Medio de los Síntomas Desagradables es una de ellas, que puede ser aplicada al control de las manifestaciones en los Cuidados de Enfermería Paliativos. Conclusiones: su utilización en la práctica puede orientar la estructuración de guías o protocolos de cuidados propios de enfermería. Esta teoría estimula un pensamiento integrador frente al abordaje y manejo de las manifestaciones. La forma de abordarla es sencilla y fácil de entender. Implicancias: A través de la práctica se pone a prueba la construcción teórica y gracias a ello puede continuar incrementándose y/o aplicándose el conocimiento de la disciplina(AU)

Aims: To analyze the Middle-Range Theory of Unpleasant Symptoms and to examine the care guidelines, that the theorist considers in the field of palliative nursing, according to the existing evidence. Development: it corresponds to nursing professionals to choose a theory that fits the specific care focus of their professional area. The interpretation of nursing theory constitutes a challenge for nursing professionals for its application to both practice and research. Nursing theories, proper of the discipline, allow to observe the different situations and guide health care, create more direct links to research and practice, as well as providing a more specific and organized explication to the observation of the phenomenon of interest in the discipline, providing guided practice and research. The middle-range theory of unpleasant symptoms is one of them, which can be applied to control the demonstrations in the Palliative Nursing Cares. Conclusions: its use in practice can guide the structuring of guidelines or protocols of nursing care. This theory encourages integrative thinking against the approach and handling of the demonstrations. The form to address it is simple and easy to understand. Implications: Through practice tests the theoretical construction may continue to increase and/or apply the knowledge of the discipline(AU)

Factors related to the quality of the dying process in cancer patients.

UNLABELLED: This correlational and descriptive research examined the Quality of the Dying Process (QDP) in cancer patients. Data were collected from one significant person for each of the 78 patients who had died, using QDP and communication quality questionnaires. The highest QDP scores were found for social experiences related to: the moment of death, family company and their concern with the person. The lowest score was for symptoms. A statistically significant association (p<0.001) was found between a better QDP and: preparation for death, spending time with the family, concern and care for the patient, communication quality. CONCLUSIONS: patient care needs to be focused on the aspects fostering closeness and dialogue with the patient's close relatives, promoting communication in order to detect and handle the real problems, along with efficient pain management, in which humanized care is essential.

Factors Related to the Quality of the Dying Process in Cancer Patients / Fatores relacionados à qualidade do processo de morrer na pessoa com câncer / Factores relacionados a la calidad del proceso de morir en la persona con cáncer

This correlational and descriptive research examined the Quality of the Dying Process (QDP) in cancer patients. Data were collected from one significant person for each of the 78 patients who had died, using QDP and communication quality questionnaires. The highest QDP scores were found for social experiences related to: the moment of death, family company and their concern with the person. The lowest score was for symptoms. A statistically significant association (p<0.001) was found between a better QDP and: preparation for death, spending time with the family, concern and care for the patient, communication quality. Conclusions: patient care needs to be focused on the aspects fostering closeness and dialogue with the patient's close relatives, promoting communication in order to detect and handle the real problems, along with efficient pain management, in which humanized care is essential.

Estudo descritivo, correlacional, que indagou a qualidade do processo de morrer (QPM) em pessoas com câncer. A informação foi obtida através de uma pessoa significativa para cada um dos 78 pacientes falecidos, aplicando questionários de QPM e Qualidade da Comunicação. Foram obtidas maiores pontuações da QPM nas experiências sociais relacionadas ao momento de morte, à permanência da família e à preocupação pela sua pessoa. A pontuação mais baixa se relacionou aos sintomas. Obteve-se relação estatisticamente significativa (p<0,001) para melhor QPM em: preparação para morrer, estar com a família, preocupar-se pela pessoa e qualidade de comunicação. Conclui-se que os cuidados requerem orientação para que os entes queridos fiquem perto e possam se comunicar com o paciente, promover comunicação para detecção de problemas percebidos, a fim de identificar e manejar os reais problemas, somando-se ao eficiente manejo da dor, fazendo do cuidado humanizado uma prática iniludível.

Estudio descriptivo, correlacional que indagó la Calidad del Proceso de Morir (CPM) en personas con cáncer. La información fue obtenida con personas que eran significativas para cada uno de los 78 pacientes fallecidos, aplicando cuestionarios de CPM y Calidad de la Comunicación. Se obtuvo mayores puntajes de CPM en las experiencias sociales relacionadas con: momento de muerte, permanencia de familia y preocupación por su persona. El puntaje más bajo se relacionó con los síntomas. Se obtuvo relación estadísticamente significativa (p<0,001) para una mejor CPM en: preparación para morir; estar con la familia; preocuparse por la persona; y, calidad de comunicación. Conclusiones: Los cuidados requieren orientarse hacia la necesidad del paciente de estar cerca de la familia y comunicarse con ella; así mismo se debe promover la comunicación para percibir posibles problemas e identificar y manejar los problemas reales, sumado a un eficiente manejo del dolor, haciendo del cuidado humanizado una práctica ineludible.